What is Lichen Planus?
Lichen planus, also known as lichen ruber planus, is a chronic inflammatory dermatitis that can affect the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and, in some cases, the scalp.
This is a noncontagious condition that arises when the immune system, for reasons not yet fully understood, mistakenly attacks keratinocytes, the cells that make up the uppermost layer of the skin.
Lichen planus affects about 0.5-1% of the population, most frequently in adults between 30 and 60 years of age, and is rare in children. The disease has a chronic-recurrent course: it can last from several months to several years, with phases of improvement alternating with flare-ups. In most cases, the skin lesions tend to regress spontaneously within 1-2 years, sometimes leaving post-inflammatory dark spots.
What does Lichen Planus look like?
The typical manifestation of lichen planus is the papule: a raised, small (2-4 mm) skin lesion with a flat, shiny surface. These papules exhibit distinctive features:
- Purplish color (more pronounced on fair skin, tending to brown on dark skin)
- Polygonal shape with well-defined corner edges
- Shiny surface visible when observing the lesion against the light
- Presence of characteristic Wickham’s striae: thin whitish lines reticulated on the surface
Papules may remain isolated or converge to form plaques more extensive. They are distributed in a symmetrical patternon both sides of the body and are predominantly located on:
- Inner surface of wrists and forearms
- Ankles and front part of legs
- Lumbosacral region
- Hips
- Genital area
The itching is the most common and consistent symptom, varying in intensity from mild to very intense, such that sleep is disturbed. A characteristic phenomenon is the so-called Koebner phenomenon: the appearance of new lesions in areas subjected to scratching friction.
What are the causes of lichen planus?
The exact causes are not yet fully elucidated, major associated factors include:
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alterations of the immune system
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intense or prolonged mental and physical stress
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viral infections (especially hepatitis C)
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taking certain medications
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genetic predisposition
What to do if you have Lichen Planus
Lichen planus always requires dermatologic evaluation, which is necessary for proper diagnosis and to rule out similar pathologies. Diagnosis is based on the clinical appearance of the lesions and, when necessary, on skin biopsy with histologic examination.
To help reduce itching and promote restoration of skin function, formulations based on natural reducing agents can be used:
- Apply Dermictiol Cream, with Ichthyol Sulfonate, in the evening in a small amount and with much massage until the product is completely absorbed.
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